For proper analyzing of data, sometimes we need to group them under certain categories. These categories are defined under some constraints over the data. For this GROUP BY Clause is very useful.
GROUP BY Clause is used with SELECT Command, and specifies the groups into which output rows are to be placed by the values of one or more columns or expressions. And if aggregated functions are used in the SELECT statements, then GROUP BY clause computes a summary value for each group.
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As the tempdb database is the common global resource for all the operations going on in SQL Server, so the DBA has to be bit cautious about the use of it. Because any unexpected operations by the applications running under the SQL Server instance or any uneven query by the user can eat all the space available to thetempdb resulting decrease in the performance of all other applications running under the same instance.
So it is necessary to keep track the usage of tempdb database by various applications and processes and to take necessary actions when the size falls down below the threshold limit. Monitoring tempdb over time will help in determining the optimal size of the tempdb.
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Tempdb is one of the system databases in SQL server 2005, more or less similar to any other user database except that the data stored in the tempdb got lost after shutting down the SQL server service.
Each time the SQL server service starts, the tempdb is newly created by copying from model database (another system database) and inheriting some database configuration from it.
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Overview:
Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system (RDBMS) produced by Microsoft. Its primary query languages are MS-SQL and T-SQL.
Below is the Release History for SQL server:
|
Version
|
Year
|
Release Name
|
Codename
|
|
1.0 (OS/2)
|
1989
|
SQL Server 1.0
|
-
|
|
4.21 (WinNT)
|
1993
|
SQL Server 4.21
|
-
|
|
6.0
|
1995
|
SQL Server 6.0
|
SQL95
|
|
6.5
|
1996
|
SQL Server 6.5
|
Hydra
|
|
7.0
|
1998
|
SQL Server 7.0
|
Sphinx
|
|
-
|
1999
|
SQL Server 7.0
OLAP Tools
|
Plato
|
|
8.0
|
2000
|
SQL Server 2000
|
Shiloh
|
|
8.0
|
2003
|
SQL Server 2000
64-bit Edition
|
Liberty
|
|
9.0
|
2005
|
SQL Server 2005
|
Yukon
|
|
10.0
|
2008
|
SQL Server 2008
|
Katmai
|
SQL Server 2005
SQL Server 2005, released in October 2005, is the successor to SQL Server 2000. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be used as a data type in database columns.
SQL Server 2008
The current version of SQL Server, SQL Server 2008, (code-named “Katmai”,) was released on August 6, 2008 and aims to make data management self-tuning, self organizing, and self maintaining with the development of SQL Server Always On technologies, to provide near-zero downtime. SQL Server 2008 will also include support for structured and semi-structured data, including digital media formats for pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data. In current versions, such multimedia data can be stored as BLOBs (binary large objects). SQL Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for different varieties of data: XML, email, time/calendar, file, document, spatial, etc as well as perform search, query, analysis, sharing, and synchronization across all data types. Other new data types include specialized date and time types and a Spatial data type for location-dependent data. Better support for unstructured and semi-structured data is provided using the new FILESTREAM data type, which can be used to reference any file stored on the file system. Structured data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server database, whereas the unstructured component is stored in the file system. Such files can be accessed both via Win32 file handling APIs as well as via SQL Server using T-SQL;
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